Rockwell C Hardness Range
Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Non-Austenitic Steels (Rockwell C Hardness Range)
| Brinell Hardness Number | Rockwell | Superficial Rockwell Number | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rockwell C 150kgf (HRC) | Vickers (HV) | 10-mm Standard ball 3000kgf (HBS) | 10-mm Carbide ball 3000kgf (HBW) | Knoop 500-gf and Over (HK) | A Scale 60 kgf (HRA) | D Scale 100kgf (HRD) | 15-N Scale 15-kgf (HR15N) | 30-N Scale 30-kgf (HR30N) | 45-N Scale 45-kgf (HR45N) | Sclero scope Hardness |
| 68
67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 |
940
900 865 832 800 772 746 720 697 674 653 633 613 595 577 560 544 528 513 498 484 471 458 446 434 423 412 402 392 382 372 363 354 345 336 327 318 310 302 294 286 279 272 266 260 254 248 243 238 |
…
… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … (500) (487) (475) (464) 451 442 432 421 409 400 390 381 371 362 353 344 336 327 319 311 301 294 286 279 271 264 258 253 247 243 237 231 226 |
…
… … (739) (722) (705) (688) (670) (654) 634 615 595 577 560 543 525 512 496 481 469 455 443 432 421 409 400 390 381 371 362 353 344 336 327 319 311 301 294 286 279 271 264 258 253 247 243 237 231 226 |
920
895 870 846 822 799 776 754 732 710 690 670 650 630 612 594 576 558 542 526 510 495 480 466 452 438 426 414 402 391 380 370 360 351 342 334 326 318 311 304 297 290 284 278 272 266 261 256 251 |
85.6
85.0 84.5 83.9 83.4 82.8 82.3 81.8 81.2 80.7 80.1 79.6 79.0 78.5 78.0 77.4 76.8 76.3 75.9 75.2 74.7 74.1 73.6 73.1 72.5 72.0 71.5 70.9 70.4 69.9 69.4 68.9 68.4 67.9 67.4 66.8 66.3 65.8 65.3 64.8 64.3 63.8 63.3 62.8 62.4 62.0 61.5 61.0 60.5 |
76.9
76.1 75.4 74.5 73.8 73.0 72.2 71.5 70.7 69.9 69.2 68.5 67.7 66.9 66.1 65.4 64.6 63.8 63.1 62.1 61.4 60.8 60.0 59.2 58.5 57.7 56.9 56.2 55.4 54.6 53.8 53.1 52.3 51.5 50.8 50.0 49.2 48.4 47.7 47.0 46.1 45.2 44.6 43.8 43.1 42.1 41.6 40.9 40.1 |
93.2
92.9 92.5 92.2 91.8 91.4 91.1 90.7 90.2 89.8 89.3 88.9 88.3 87.9 87.4 86.9 86.4 85.9 85.5 85.0 84.5 83.9 83.5 83.0 82.5 82.0 81.5 80.9 80.4 79.9 79.4 78.8 78.3 77.7 77.2 76.6 76.1 75.6 75.0 74.5 73.9 73.3 72.8 72.2 71.6 71.0 70.5 69.9 69.4 |
84.4
83.6 82.8 81.9 81.1 80.1 79.3 78.4 77.5 76.6 75.7 74.8 73.9 73.0 72.0 71.2 70.2 69.4 68.5 67.6 66.7 65.8 64.8 64.0 63.1 62.2 61.3 60.4 59.5 58.6 57.7 56.8 55.9 55.0 54.2 53.3 52.1 51.3 50.4 49.5 48.6 47.7 46.8 45.9 45.0 44.0 43.2 42.3 41.5 |
75.4
74.2 73.3 72.0 71.0 69.9 68.8 67.7 66.6 65.5 64.3 63.2 62.0 60.9 59.8 58.6 57.4 56.1 55.0 53.8 52.5 51.4 50.3 49.0 47.8 46.7 45.5 44.3 43.1 41.9 40.8 39.6 38.4 37.2 36.1 34.9 33.7 32.5 31.3 30.1 28.9 27.8 26.7 25.5 24.3 23.1 22.0 20.7 19.6 |
97.3
95.0 92.7 90.6 88.5 86.5 84.5 82.6 80.8 79.0 77.3 75.6 74.0 72.4 70.9 69.4 67.9 66.5 65.1 63.7 62.4 61.1 59.8 58.5 57.3 56.1 54.9 53.7 52.6 51.5 50.4 49.3 48.2 47.1 46.1 45.1 44.1 43.1 42.2 41.3 40.4 39.5 38.7 37.8 37.0 36.3 35.5 34.8 34.2 |
Rockwell B Hardness Range
Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Non-Austenitic Steels (Rockwell B Hardness Range)
| Rockwell | Superficial Rockwell Number | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rockwell B 100kgf (HRB) | Vickers (HV) | 10-mm Standard ball 3000kgf (HBS) | Knoop 500-gf and Over (HK) | A Scale 60 kgf (HRA) | F Scale 60kgf (HRF) | 15-T Scale 15-kgf (HR15T) | 30-T Scale 30-kgf (HR30T) | 45-T Scale 45-kgf (HR45T) |
| 100
99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … |
240
234 228 222 216 210 205 200 195 190 185 180 176 172 169 165 162 159 156 153 150 147 144 141 139 137 135 132 130 127 125 123 121 119 117 116 114 112 110 108 107 106 104 103 101 100 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … |
240
234 228 222 216 210 205 200 195 190 185 180 176 172 169 165 162 159 156 153 150 147 144 141 139 137 135 132 130 127 125 123 121 119 117 116 114 112 110 108 107 106 104 103 101 100 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … |
251
246 241 236 231 226 221 216 211 206 201 196 192 188 184 180 176 173 170 167 164 161 158 155 152 150 147 145 143 141 139 137 135 131 129 127 125 124 122 120 118 117 115 114 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 |
61.5
60.9 60.2 59.5 58.9 58.3 57.6 57.0 56.4 55.8 55.2 54.6 54.0 53.4 52.8 52.3 51.7 51.1 50.6 50.0 49.5 48.9 48.4 47.9 47.3 46.8 46.3 45.8 45.3 44.8 44.3 43.8 43.3 42.8 42.3 41.8 40.9 40.4 40.0 39.5 39.0 38.6 38.1 37.7 37.2 36.8 36.3 35.9 35.5 35.0 34.6 34.1 33.7 33.3 32.9 32.4 32.0 31.6 31.2 30.7 30.3 29.9 29.5 29.1 28.7 28.2 27.8 27.4 27.0 26.6 |
…
… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 99.6 99.1 98.51 98.0 97.4 96.8 96.2 95.6 95.1 94.5 93.9 93.4 92.8 92.2 91.7 91.1 90.5 90.0 89.4 88.8 88.2 87.7 87.1 86.5 86.0 85.4 84.8 84.3 83.7 83.1 82.6 82.0 81.4 80.8 80.3 79.7 79.1 78.6 78.0 77.4 76.9 76.3 75.7 75.2 74.6 74.0 |
93.1
92.8 92.5 92.1 91.8 91.5 91.2 90.8 90.5 90.2 89.9 89.5 89.2 88.9 88.6 88.2 87.9 87.6 87.3 86.9 86.6 86.3 86.0 85.6 85.3 85.0 84.7 84.3 84.0 83.7 83.4 83.0 82.7 82.4 82.1 81.8 81.4 81.1 80.8 80.5 80.1 79.8 79.5 79.2 78.8 78.5 78.2 77.9 77.5 77.2 76.98 76.6 76.2 75.9 75.6 75.3 74.9 74.6 74.3 74.0 73.6 73.3 73.0 72.7 72.3 72.0 71.7 71.4 71.0 70.7 70.4 |
83.1
82.5 81.8 81.1 80.4 79.8 79.1 78.4 77.8 77.1 76.4 75.8 75.1 74.4 73.8 73.1 72.4 71.8 71.1 70.4 69.7 69.1 68.4 67.7 67.1 66.4 65.7 65.1 64.4 63.7 63.1 62.4 61.7 61.0 60.4 59.7 59.0 58.4 57.7 57.0 56.4 55.7 55.0 54.4 53.7 53.0 52.4 51.7 51.0 50.3 49.7 49.0 48.3 47.7 47.0 46.3 45.7 45.0 44.3 43.7 43.0 42.3 41.6 41.0 40.3 39.6 39.0 38.3 37.6 37.0 36.3 |
72.9
71.9 70.9 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 65.9 64.8 63.8 62.8 61.8 60.8 59.8 58.8 57.8 56.8 55.8 54.8 53.8 52.8 51.8 50.8 49.8 48.8 47.8 46.8 45.8 44.8 43.8 42.8 41.8 40.8 39.8 38.7 37.7 36.7 35.7 34.7 33.7 32.7 31.7 30.7 29.7 28.7 27.7 26.7 25.7 24.7 23.7 22.7 21.7 20.7 19.7 18.7 17.7 16.7 15.7 14.7 13.6 12.6 11.6 10.6 9.6 8.6 7.6 6.6 5.6 4.6 3.6 2.6 |
Leeb (type D) Hardness Range
Approximate Leeb (Type D) Hardness Conversion for Non-Austenitic Steels (Rockwell C Hardness Range)
| Leeb Hardness, Type D Impact Device (HLD) | Rockwell C Hardness 150kgf (HRC) | Vickers Hardness (HV 10) | Brinell Hardness 10mm Steel Ball 3000kgf (HBS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 828
819 809 800 791 782 773 764 755 746 737 729 720 712 703 695 687 679 671 663 655 647 640 632 625 618 611 603 596 590 583 576 570 563 557 551 545 539 533 527 521 516 510 |
62
61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 |
762
737 711 688 667 645 625 605 586 568 550 534 517 503 487 473 460 447 434 422 410 398 388 377 368 358 349 339 330 323 314 306 299 291 284 277 271 264 258 251 245 240 234 |
(721)
(699) (675) (654) 634 614 595 577 559 542 526 511 496 482 467 455 442 430 418 407 395 385 375 365 356 347 338 328 320 313 305 297 291 283 276 270 264 258 252 246 240 235 229 |
Weight - Load - Indentor Chart
| Scale Symbol | Indentor Type | Preliminary Force N (kgf) | Total Force N(kgf) | Typical Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Spheroconical Diamond | 98.07 (10) | 588.4 (60) | Cemented carbides, thin steel, and shallow case hardened steel |
| B | 1/16” Carbide Ball | 98.07 (10) | 980.7 (100) | Copper alloys, soft steels, aluminum alloys, malleable iron, etc. |
| C | Spheroconical Diamond | 98.07 (10) | 1471 (150) | Steel, hard cast irons, pearlitic malleable iron, titanium, deep case hardened steel, other harder than HRB 100 |
| D | Spheroconical Diamond | 98.07 (10) | 980.7 (100) | Thin steel and medium case hardened steel, and pearlitic malleable iron |
| E | 1/8” Carbide Ball | 98.07 (10) | 980.7 (100) | Cast Iron, Aluminum and magnesium alloys, and bearing metals |
| F | 1/16” Carbide Ball | 98.07 (10) | 588.4 (60) | Annealed copper alloys and thin soft sheet metals |
| G | 1/16” Carbide Ball | 98.07 (10) | 1471 (150) | Malleable irons, copper-nickel-zinc and cupro-nickel alloys |
| H | 1/8” Carbide Ball | 98.07 (10) | 588.4 (60) | Aluminum, zinc and lead |
| K | 1/8” Carbide Ball | 98.07 (10) | 1471 (150) | Bearing Metals and other very soft or thin materials. Use smallest ball and heaviest load that doesn’t give anvil effect |
| L | ¼” Carbide Ball | 98.07 (10) | 588.4 (60) | |
| M | ¼” Carbide Ball | 98.07 (10) | 980.7 (100) | |
| P | ¼” Carbide Ball | 98.07 (10) | 1471 (150) | |
| R | ½” Carbide Ball | 98.07 (10) | 588.4 (60) | |
| S | ½” Carbide Ball | 98.07 (10) | 980.7 (100) | |
| V | ½” Carbide Ball | 98.07 (10) | 1471 (150) | |
| 15N | Spheroconical Diamond | 29.42 (3) | 147.1 (15) | Similar to A, C and D scales but for thinner gage material. |
| 30N | Spheroconical Diamond | 29.42 (3) | 294.2 (30) | |
| 45N | Spheroconical Diamond | 29.42 (3) | 441.3 (45) | |
| 15T | 1/16” Carbide Ball | 29.42 (3) | 147.1 (15) | Similar to B, F and G scales but for thinner gage material. |
| 30T | 1/16” Carbide Ball | 29.42 (3) | 294.2 (30) | |
| 45T | 1/16” Carbide Ball | 29.42 (3) | 441.3 (45) | |
| 15W | 1/8” Carbide Ball | 29.42 (3) | 147.1 (15) | Very Soft Material |
| 30W | 1/8” Carbide Ball | 29.42 (3) | 294.2 (30) | |
| 45W | 1/8” Carbide Ball | 29.42 (3) | 441.3 (45) | |
| 15X | 1/4” Carbide Ball | 29.42 (3) | 147.1 (15) | |
| 30X | 1/4” Carbide Ball | 29.42 (3) | 294.2 (30) | |
| 45X | 1/4” Carbide Ball | 29.42 (3) | 441.3 (45) | |
| 15Y | 1/2” Carbide Ball | 29.42 (3) | 147.1 (15) | |
| 30Y | 1/2” Carbide Ball | 29.42 (3) | 294.2 (30) | |
| 45Y | 1/2” Carbide Ball | 29.42 (3) | 441.3 (45) |
Round Correction Factors
Corrections to be added to test results in the following scales for various diameter parts.
Corrections to be added to Rockwell C, A and D values
Diameter of Convex Cylindrical Surfaces
| Hardness Reading | ¼” 6.4mm | 3/8” 10mm | ½” 13mm | 5/8” 16mm | ¾” 19mm | 7/8” 22mm | 1” 25mm | 1-1/4” 32mm | 1-1/2” 38mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 |
6.0
5.5 5.0 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 |
4.5
4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 |
3.5
3.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 |
2.5
2.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 |
2.0
2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 |
1.5
1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 |
1.5
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 |
1.0
1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
1.0
1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
Corrections to be added to Rockwell B, F and G values
Diameter of Convex Cylindrical Surfaces
| Hardness Reading | ¼” 6.4mm | 3/8” 10mm | ½” 13mm | 5/8” 16mm | ¾” 19mm | 7/8” 22mm | 1” 25mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 |
12.5 12.0 11.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.5 |
8.5 8.0 7.5 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 |
6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 |
5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 |
4.5 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 |
3.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 |
3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.5 |
Minimum Thickness Requirements
Minimum allowable thickness for a corresponding hardness in the respective scales
| Minimum Thickness Inch | Minimum Thickness mm | Rockwell C | Rockwell A | Rockwell B | Superficial 15N | Superficial 30N | Superficial 45N | Superficial 15T | Superficial 30T | Superficial 45T |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.006
0.008 0.010 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.020 0.022 0.024 0.026 0.028 0.030 0.032 0.034 0.036 0.038 0.040 |
0.15
0.20 0.25 0.30 0.36 0.41 0.46 0.51 0.56 0.61 0.66 0.71 0.76 0.81 0.86 0.91 0.96 1.02 |
…
… … … … … … … 69 67 65 62 57 52 45 37 28 20 |
…
… … … … 86 84 82 79 76 71 67 60 … … … … … |
…
… … … … … … … … 94 87 80 71 62 52 40 28 … |
…
92 90 88 83 76 68 … … … … … … … … … … … |
…
… … 82 78.5 74 66 57 47 … … … … … … … … … |
…
… … 77 74 72 68 63 58 51 37 20 … … … … … … |
…
… 91 86 81 75 68 … … … … … … … … … … … |
…
… … … 80 72 64 55 45 34 … … … … … … … … |
…
… … … … 71 62 53 43 31 18 4 … … … … … … |
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